THE HORSES FOSSIL THAT DISCOVERED IN MARAGHEH

   Abstract:
      Based upon the facial morphology of the cranium, there appear to be least four Groups of hipparonine horses in the Vallesian and Turolian (late Miocene) record of France, Germany, Greece, Spain, northern Africa, and Iran . At least three of these groups appear to be represented by more than a single species . All of these species commonly have been referred to a single genus, Hipparion, but the presence of three or four multi ? species groups suggests that the commonly employed two ? fold taxonomic
   (single genus with many species) will need modification to express phylogenetic hypotheses advanced to explain the relationships among them.